What Is Tick Paralysis in Dogs?
Tick paralysis, or toxicity, is a rapid, progressive disease affecting the nerves of dogs. While rare, tick paralysis can cause extreme harm to your dog, but it can be easily prevented. In this article, you will learn what causes tick paralysis, signs to look for, treatments, and prevention.
What Causes Tick Paralysis?
Tick paralysis in dogs is caused by a neurotoxin that is present in the saliva of female ticks and infects the dog while the tick is attached and feeding. It is most related to bites from black-legged ticks, lone star ticks, and American dog ticks. Dogs that are not on tick protection are at a higher risk, as well as those that spend a significant amount of time in wooded or grassy areas where ticks live. Any dog at any age can get tick paralysis anytime during the year.
Signs of Tick Paralysis
Clinical signs of tick paralysis are generally seen within 5-9 days after a tick has started feeding and continue to progress over the next 24-72 hours. When attached to the dog, the tick releases the toxin in a pulse-like fashion. The toxin inhibits neurotransmitters required for muscles to move properly. Paralysis typically starts in the back legs, then progresses until the dog is unable to use its legs at all.
Signs include:
- • Loss of voice or bark due to effects on the larynx
- • Dragging the hind legs
- • Trouble standing on hind legs
- • Stumbling
- • Pupil dilation
As the condition progresses:
- • Lack of function in the front legs
- • Difficulty swallowing
- • Drooling
- • Vomiting
- • Respiratory failure and death in severe cases
Treating Tick Paralysis
The first step is to remove the tick or ticks right away. This requires a very thorough exam of the whole body, and for long-haired dogs, it may help to shave the fur in order to uncover all the ticks. If caught early, most dogs will recover within a few hours. Occasionally, signs can worsen 24 hours after tick removal before improving. If signs persist after removal, your dog should be checked for additional ticks. Most dogs will recover within a few days after the tick has been removed and residual signs have been treated. Contact your vet immediately for additional recommendations.
Preventing Tick Paralysis
The only way to prevent tick paralysis is to prevent ticks from attaching to your dog or by removing them right away. Be sure to use an effective monthly protection to help keep ticks from attaching to your dog. Your veterinarian can help you find the safest and most effective tick control for your dog. Remember to routinely check your dog for ticks, especially if you live in an area where ticks are prevalent. Make it a habit to brush your dog daily and check for ticks. Be sure to do additional checks after hiking or spending time in the woods or thick brush. Become familiar with the signs of tick paralysis and seek treatment right away if you notice any signs.
Key Takeaways
While rare, tick paralysis can cause extreme harm to your dog, but it can be easily prevented.
Dogs that are not on monthly tick protection are at a higher risk.
It is crucial to remove all the ticks on your dog right away.
Contact your vet for additional recommendations.